Arrhythmias & electrophysiology
Anticoagulation in critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: Insights from a retrospective cohort study
Corrected 23 Oct 2026: Measure wording clarified; no values changed.
Authors' conclusion
Anticoagulant prescription at hospital discharge for patients with NOAF during ICU stay was associated with longer survival.
Study context
- Population
- Critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during ICU admission (MIMIC-IV, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 2008–2019), excluding pre-existing AF, cardiac surgery admissions and previous anticoagulant usematched cohort 495 per group
- Participants
- 495 vs 2,021
- Exposure
- Anticoagulation at hospital discharge vs no anticoagulation
- Anticoagulation (ACO)n = 495
- Non-ACOn = 2,021reference
- Outcome
- Long-term survival post-hospital discharge
Methodological detailspropensity-score matched
- Propensity-score matched
Main finding
Long-term survival
Hazard ratio
0.72
95% CI 0.58–0.89, event not clearly stated
P = 0.003
By group
ACOvs Non-ACO
HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.58–0.89), event not clearly stated; P = 0.003
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Survival, PSM analysis censored at 90 days, 1 year and 5 yearsACOvs Non-ACOCensored at 90 days | 0.63 (0.43–0.94) | P = 0.02 | |
| Survival, PSM analysis censored at 90 days, 1 year and 5 yearsACOvs Non-ACOCensored at 1 year | 0.55 (0.41–0.793) | P < 0.001 | |
| Survival, PSM analysis censored at 90 days, 1 year and 5 yearsACOvs Non-ACOCensored at 5 years | 0.7 (0.56–0.88) | P = 0.002 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
3 other sensitivity analyses
- Findings remained consistent
Original publication
Anticoagulation in critically ill patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: Insights from a retrospective cohort study. Heart Rhythm. Published 6 May 2025. doi:10.
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