Association of Race With Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Stroke
Authors' conclusion
Propensity score matching analyses demonstrate that race is an independent risk factor for incident CVD and its components, CHF, and stroke. Multivariable analyses suggest racial differences in Black vs White risk factor impact as the possible cause. Reasons for these differences remain to be explored.
Study context
- Population
- White and Black women and, separately, White and Black men in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, matched with respect to known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factorsBlack men 487 · White men 487 · Black women 640 · White women 640
- Participants
- 487 / 487 / 640 / 640
- Comparison
- Black vs White, separately in men and women, propensity score matched with respect to known CVD risk factors
- Black menn = 487
- White menn = 487reference
- Black womenn = 640
- White womenn = 640reference
- Outcome
- CVD, stroke and congestive heart failure (CHF) — men
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Black men vs White menHazard ratio (95% CI)P value
CVD
2.30(1.36–3.89)
P = 0.0014Stroke
5.00(1.45–17.3)
P = 0.0047CHF
3.60(1.34–9.70)
P = 0.0067Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVD, stroke and CHF — womenBlack women vs White women · CVD | 2.36 (1.17–4.78) | P = 0.014 | |
| CVD, stroke and CHF — womenBlack women vs White women · stroke | 2.80 (1.01–7.77) | P = 0.039 | |
| CVD, stroke and CHF — womenBlack women vs White women · CHF; borderline significantly higher | 3.50 (0.73–16.9) | P = 0.096 | |
| 0.050.21520Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Coronary heart disease
- Risk of coronary heart disease did not differ significantly by race in either sex
Multivariable analyses
- Racial differences in the associations of multiple risk factors with incident CVD events independent of other known CVD risk factors
Original publication
Association of Race With Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Stroke. JACC Adv. Published 23 May 2025. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it