Cardiometabolic & kidneyCohort study
Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Cardiorenal Metabolic Multimorbidity
- prospective cohort study
- latent class analysis and summed score for socioeconomic status (SES)
- Cox regression models
- multistate modeling
Authors' conclusion
Our study establishes SES as a pivotal determinant of CRMM incidence and progression. This underscores the necessity of integrating SES into public health strategies to mitigate the CRMM burden, even in individuals with 1 CRMD.
Study context
- Population
- Participants in the UK Biobank
- Exposure
- Compared to high SES, low SES
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Developed CRMM · During follow-up
participants developed cardiorenal metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM)
5,643
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Risk of CRMM · independently associated with significantly elevated risks | 2.03 (1.82–2.27) | |
| Disease transitions (multistate modeling) — low SES vs high SES · free of CRMD to first CRMD | 1.45 (1.10–1.50) | |
| Disease transitions (multistate modeling) — low SES vs high SES · from existing cardiovascular disease to CRMM | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) | |
| Disease transitions (multistate modeling) — low SES vs high SES · from type 2 diabetes to CRMM | 1.48 (1.19–1.85) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Disease transitions (multistate modeling) — low SES vs high SES · to CRMM | 1.51 (1.43–1.49) |
Summed SES score
- Consistent associations were confirmed using the summed SES score
Original publication
Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Cardiorenal Metabolic Multimorbidity. JACC Adv. Published 13 March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102646
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it