Cardiometabolic & kidneyCohort study
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults
- Cohort study using life table methods
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2018
Authors' conclusion
Advanced CKM syndrome (stage 3/4) confers marked life expectancy reductions, particularly among Mexican Americans, underscoring the urgent need for early detection and targeted interventions.
Study context
- Population
- U.S. adults aged ≥30 years with confirmed cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome3,956 deaths over a median 9.33-year follow-up
- Participants
- 20,764 adults
- Exposure
- Life expectancy across CKM stages 0 to 4
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Deaths · median 9.33-year follow-up
deaths
3,956
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Estimated 40-year life expectancy
Cardiovascular mortality
| Comparison | Adjusted HR | |
|---|---|---|
| stage 2 · increased cardiovascular mortality | 4.00 (95% CI 1.40–11.47) | |
| stage 3/4 · increased cardiovascular mortality | 11.03 (CI 3.67–33.16) | |
| 0.050.21520Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | Life expectancy advantage, years |
|---|---|
| Life expectancy at age 40, stage 0 vs stage 3/4, by sex · men; advantage with stage 0 over stage 3/4 | 5.80 (95% CI 5.74–5.86) |
| Life expectancy at age 40, stage 0 vs stage 3/4, by sex · women; advantage with stage 0 over stage 3/4 | 7.39 (CI 7.31–7.48) |
Reduction in 40-year life expectancy by race/ethnicity
years
- Mexican Americans (greatest reduction)
- 12.72
- White
- 6.55
- Black
- 5.93
Original publication
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults. JACC Adv. Published 19 March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102664
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it