Clinical outcomes following invasive cardiovascular interventions in frail populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pooled result · All-cause mortalityResult — go to the resultRelative risk 3.14 95% CI 2.29–4.30Authors' conclusion
In conclusion, frailty prognosticates adverse outcomes following invasive cardiovascular interventions and influences treatment efficacy, highlighting its significance in treatment selection
Study context
- Population
- Frail vs. non-frail patients undergoing invasive cardiovascular interventionsThirty-one studies (10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 21 prospective, 3 retrospective studies)
- Participants
- 27,534 patients
- Comparison
- Clinical outcomes of invasive cardiovascular interventions among frail vs. non-frail patients
- Outcome
- all-cause mortality
Methodological detailsrandom-effects models
- Random-effects models
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Relative risk
3.14
95% CI 2.29–4.30
Frail patientsvs non-frail patients
RR 3.14 (95% CI 2.29–4.30)
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| Hospitalizations | RR 1.88 (95% CI 1.29–2.73) | |
| Mortality, pre-frailty, transcathetervs surgical aortic valve replacement (subgroup)Pre-frailty predicted lower mortality risks | HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.67–0.92) | |
| Mortality, frail patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (subgroup)Invasive approachvs conservative approachSimilar mortality benefits | HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.64–2.01) | |
| 0.20.5125Ratio (log scale) |
Mortality, frail patients undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve implantation and percutaneous mitral-valve interventions (subgroup)
- Did not have significant increased mortality risks compared with non-frail patients
- P > 0.05
Original publication
Clinical outcomes following invasive cardiovascular interventions in frail populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. Published 12 September 2025. doi:10.
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