Acute cardiac care & resuscitation
Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation type on 1-month survival in drowning following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in natural water bodies: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
In cases of drowning following OHCA in natural water bodies, both conventional CPR and hands-only CPR indicated a beneficial causal effect on 1-month survival compared to no-BCPR, with conventional CPR showing greater causal effect. These findings support prioritizing conventional CPR for drowning following OHCA in natural water bodies.
Study context
- Population
- Cases of drowning following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in natural water bodies (e.g., sea, river/pond), Japan, 2016 to 2022patients eligible for analysis · no-BCPR 2,633 · hands-only CPR 1,049 · conventional CPR 232
- Participants
- 3,914 cases
- Exposure
- bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) type: conventional CPR and hands-only CPR compared with no-BCPR
- no-BCPRn = 2,633reference
- hands-only CPRn = 1,049
- conventional CPRn = 232
Methodological detailsUtstein style database and the Emergency Transport Registry of Japan, multivariable logistic regression
- Utstein style database and the Emergency Transport Registry of Japan
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
1-month survival · 1 month
Each group vs no-BCPRAdjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Conventional CPR
3.70(2.31–5.93)
Hands-only CPR
1.74(1.19–2.54)
- Hands-only CPR and conventional CPR was positively associated with 1-month survival (AOR [95% CI])
- 2.13 [1.41-3.23]
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation type on 1-month survival in drowning following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in natural water bodies: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Resuscitation. Published 1 April 2026. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it