Frailty and Its Progression With Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 1 to 3
Authors' conclusion
Frailty progression and sustained nonrobust state increased CVD risk in CKM stages 1 to 3, while frailty improvement had no significant effect.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 1 to 3, CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study)
- Participants
- 3,616 individuals
- Exposure
- Frailty status and its change vs robust
- Outcome
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease or stroke)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CVD
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Prefrailvs Robust
1.63(1.45–1.84)
Frailvs Robust
1.89(1.57–2.28)
Frailty progressionvs Sustained robust
1.70(1.38–2.09)
Sustained nonrobustvs Sustained robust
2.35(1.99–2.78)
Frailty improvementvs Sustained robust
1.21(0.92–1.57)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Frailty and Its Progression With Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 1 to 3. JACC Adv. Published 29 October 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →