Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCross-sectional study
Global Burden of Heart Failure in Adults Aged 20-49 Years, 1990-2021
- Cross-sectional study
- Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data
- joinpoint regression
- Bayesian age-period-cohort projections
Authors' conclusion
HF burden among young adults varies geographically, with overall global increases but notable regional heterogeneity, including declines in some regions.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 20–49 years with heart failure (HF), 204 regions, 1990–2021204 regions
- Outcome
- Age-standardized HF prevalence and YLD rates
- Follow-up
- 1990 to 2021
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Global HF burden in young adults
Global HF cases, 1990 → 2021
3.36 to 6.14 million
Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000, 1990 → 2021
159.98 to 182.89
Fastest increase: middle sociodemographic index regions
average annual percentage change 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.75)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Causes by age, 2021
- Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis high prevalence across all age groups; ischemic and hypertensive heart diseases predominated in ages 40-49
Increase in prevalence by cause, 1990-2021
- Drug use disorders
- ∼165%
- Endocrine-metabolic disorders
- 153%
Projections · through 2035
- Continued growth in both prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD)
Original publication
Global Burden of Heart Failure in Adults Aged 20-49 Years, 1990-2021. JACC Heart Fail. Published 28 July 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2025.102572
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it