Pulmonary vascular disease & thromboembolismSecondary analysis
Global Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Associated Heart Failure
- Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2021 secondary analysis)
- joinpoint regression
- decomposition analysis
- Bayesian age-period-cohort projection to 2050
Authors' conclusion
The burden of PAH persists due to aging and population growth, despite declining age-standardized rates.
Study context
- Population
- Global, regional and national populations, 1990–2021 (GBD 2021 estimates)
- Primary endpoint
- Burden of PAH and PAH-related HF: prevalence, incidence, DALYs and deaths
- Follow-up
- 1990 to 2021
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Global PAH burden, 2021 (per 100,000; AAPC since 1990) · 2021
Prevalence 2.28 per 100,000; AAPC −0.03
2.28 per 100,000 (95% CI −0.05 to −0.01)
Incidence 0.52 per 100,000; AAPC 0.10
0.52 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.10-0.11)
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 8.24 per 100,000; AAPC −1.52
8.24 per 100,000 (95% CI −1.64 to −1.40)
Deaths 0.27 per 100,000; AAPC −0.82
0.27 per 100,000 (95% CI −0.95 to −0.68)
Further findings
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by sex
- Women had higher PAH prevalence and incidence, and by 2021 surpassed men in DALYs and death rates
PAH deaths, decomposition
- Increased PAH deaths from aging and population growth
PAH-related heart failure (HF) · 2021
- Prevalent cases
- 191,808
- Years lived with disability rose from 9,788 to 17,765, although rates declined
Projection to 2050
- Trends projected to persist, with cases and deaths rising but rates stable
Original publication
Global Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Associated Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. Published 5 March 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2024.12.005
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it