Arrhythmias & electrophysiology
Identifying the Operational Bottleneck to Shock Delivery After Automated External Defibrillator Activation
Authors' conclusion
The interval from AED power-on to electronically detected completion of pad application, encompassing all intervening actions, was the largest measurable post-activation bottleneck. Completion within 50 seconds may serve as an exploratory process target for first recorded shock delivery within 60 seconds among initially shock-advised events.
Study context
- Population
- Activation events of remotely monitored Nihon Kohden AEDs, January 2018 to February 2026, excluding inspection recordsinitially shock-advised events with recorded shock delivery 900
- Participants
- 8,115 activation events
- Outcome
- Time from power-on to completion of pad application
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Median
42 seconds (interquartile range [IQR], 30-56)
Further findings
Time from pad application to the first analysis
- Median
- nine seconds (IQR, 9-11)
Time from power-on to the first analysis endpoint
- Median
- 52 seconds (IQR, 40-66)
Share of the power-on-to-first-analysis interval taken by the power-on-to-pad-application interval
- Median, all events
- 81% (IQR, 75-85)
- Median, when first analysis occurred more than 60 seconds after power-on
- 87% (IQR, 85-90)
Pad-application-to-shock interval, among 900 initially shock-advised events with recorded shock delivery
- Median
- 15 seconds (IQR 13-17)
Power-on to pad-application threshold in relation to first recorded shock delivery occurring more than 60 seconds after AED power-on
- Threshold
- ≥ 51 seconds
- Exploratory ROC analysis
Original publication
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it