Prevention & lipidsCohort study
Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Young Adults
- Cohort study
- nationwide health examination cohort
Authors' conclusion
Elevated remnant-C levels confer an independent risk of MACE, most notably in young adults.
Study context
- Population
- Adults without history of myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke who underwent national health examinations in 2012
- Participants
- 4,308,405 adults
- Exposure
- Remnant-C quartiles
- Outcome
- MACE (MI, ischemic stroke, CV death) by remnant-C quartile, overall and by age group (20-39, 40-64, ≥65 years)
- Follow-up
- Median 9.3 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MACE components, highest vs lowest remnant-C quartile, by age
Highest remnant-C quartile vs Lowest remnant-C quartileAdjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
MI, age 20-39
1.42(1.32–1.52)
ischemic stroke, age 20-39
1.30(1.19–1.42)
CV mortality, age 20-39
2.19(1.79–2.68)
MI, age ≥65
1.07(1.03–1.12)
ischemic stroke, age ≥65
1.12(1.08–1.16)
CV mortality, age ≥65
1.08(1.02–1.13)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age 20-39 with optimal LDL-C (<100 mg/dL) but high remnant-C (≥30 mg/dL) (subgroup) — High remnant-C vs Lowest remnant-C quartile · MI | 1.24 (1.10–1.41) | |
| Age 20-39 with optimal LDL-C (<100 mg/dL) but high remnant-C (≥30 mg/dL) (subgroup) — High remnant-C vs Lowest remnant-C quartile · ischemic stroke | 1.29 (1.10–1.52) | |
| Age 20-39 with optimal LDL-C (<100 mg/dL) but high remnant-C (≥30 mg/dL) (subgroup) — High remnant-C vs Lowest remnant-C quartile · CV mortality | 1.83 (1.35–2.49) | |
| 0.512Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Young Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. Published 20 September 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.09.015
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it