Valvular & structural heart disease
Sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic risk factors associated with degenerative valvular heart disease
Authors' conclusion
Tailoring the prioritization of CKM risk factors based on gender has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of VHD prevention strategies.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants free of valvular heart disease (VHD) or HF at baseline with complete CKM risk factor data (54.4% women; mean age 58 years)54.4% women
- Participants
- 436,184 participants
- Exposure
- Women vs men: CKM risk factors and incident degenerative VHD
- Outcome
- Sex differences in hazard ratios (HRs) and PAR of CKM risk factors (hypertension, DM, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, CKD) for incident VHD and VHD-related interventions or mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 13.80 years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank
- UK Biobank
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident VHD by CKM risk factor, women vs men
Women
- Population-attributable risk (PAR) of hypertension, AS
- 29.07%
- PAR of hypertension, AR
- 24.21%
- PAR of hypertension, MR
- 19.55%
Men
- PAR of hypertension, AS
- 25.17%
- PAR of hypertension, AR
- 16.51%
- PAR of hypertension, MR
- 13.01%
Population-attributable risk (PAR) of hypertension, AS
Women29.07%
Men25.17%
PAR of hypertension, AR
Women24.21%
Men16.51%
PAR of hypertension, MR
Women19.55%
Men13.01%
Women vs MenHazard ratio (CI)
AS with obesity
1.17(1.04–1.32)
AR with CKD
1.59(1.01–2.49)
MR with hypertension
1.25(1.07–1.47)
MR with hypertriglyceridaemia
1.22(1.07–1.39)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of AS, AR and MR (events per 10 000 person-years) · median follow-up 13.80 years | ||
| AS | 5.42 | 11.18 |
| AR | 2.19 | 3.64 |
| MR | 6.94 | 10.39 |
Baseline prevalence of CKM risk factors
- ≥1 CKM risk factor
- 81.06%
- Hypertension
- 75.61%
- DM
- 4.80%
- Obesity
- 24.14%
- Hypertriglyceridaemia
- 22.26%
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- 2.32%
Original publication
Sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic risk factors associated with degenerative valvular heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 12 February 2025. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it