Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Protein Levels and Their Link with Clinical Outcome in Heart Failure
Authors' conclusion
Although multiple cardiovascular-related proteins show sex differences at baseline, temporal associations with the adverse outcome do not differ between women and men with HFrEF.
Study context
- Population
- Stable patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
- Participants
- 250 patients
- Exposure
- Women vs men
- Womenn = 66
- Menn = 184reference
- Outcome
- PEP: composite of CV death, heart transplantation, LV assist device implantation and heart failure (HF) hospitalization
- Follow-up
- Median 26 [17-30] months
Methodological detailsserial trimonthly blood sampling, Olink Cardiovascular III panel, joint models
- Serial trimonthly blood sampling
- Olink Cardiovascular III panel
- Joint models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Longitudinal associations of proteins with the PEP, by sex
Hazard ratio (95% CI)P value
Womenvs Men
3.03(1.42–6.68)
P = 0.008Men
1.18(0.84–1.66)
P = 0.347Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
PEP reached
Baseline protein levels, by sex · mean baseline
- Fatty acid-binding protein 4 higher in women
- Pinteraction : 0.001
- Secretoglobin family 3A member 2 higher in women
- 0.007
- Paraoxonase 3 higher in women
- 0.018
- Trefoil factor 3 higher in women
- 0.049
- Matrix metalloproteinase-3 higher in men
- <0.001
- Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 higher in men
- 0.001
- Myoglobin higher in men
- 0.049
- Independent of clinical characteristics
Original publication
Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Protein Levels and Their Link with Clinical Outcome in Heart Failure. ESC Heart Fail. Published 27 November 2023. doi:10.
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