The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation

Practical answers, based on available evidence, for 20 clinical scenarios on NOAC use in atrial fibrillation (AF): eligibility; start-up and follow-up; adherence; switching anticoagulant regimens; pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions; CKD or advanced liver disease; measuring anticoagulant effect; plasma level measurement; dosing errors; suspected overdose without bleeding; bleeding management; planned invasive procedures, surgery or ablation; urgent surgery; AF with CAD; NOAC dosing across indications; cardioversion; acute stroke on NOACs; special situations; malignancy; optimising VKA dose adjustments