Workplace Racial Segregation, Job Mobility, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Black US Autoworkers
Authors' conclusion
Our findings provide evidence that increasing workplace Black-White segregation may increase CVD mortality among Black workers. We observed that the cardiovascular harm of racial segregation to Black workers operates in the workplace regardless of job mobility to positions with higher wages.
Study context
- Population
- Black workers employed for at least 3 years from the United Autoworkers-General Motors cohort, Detroit manufacturing workers, follow-up 1941 to 2015Black workers employed for at least 3 years
- Participants
- 5,047 workers
- Exposure
- Greater workplace racial segregation vs lowest exposure category; job mobility as a potential modifier
- Outcome
- Average exposure to racial segregation
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Average exposure to racial segregation
13%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD mortality | 1.61 (1.18–2.19) | |
| CVD risk among workers with lower job mobility (subgroup)Moderate segregation exposurevs low segregation exposureLower job mobility | 2.13 (1.63–2.78) | |
| CVD risk among workers with lower job mobility (subgroup)High segregation exposurevs low segregation exposureLower job mobility | 2.04 (1.27–3.28) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among workers with higher job mobility (subgroup)
- Results among Black workers with higher job mobility were similar
Original publication
Workplace Racial Segregation, Job Mobility, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Black US Autoworkers. Circ Popul Health Outcomes. Published 22 January 2026. doi:10.
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