Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Anxiety and/or depression in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: the SwedeHF registry
- Registry study
- Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- 2008-23
- multivariable multinomial regression
- Cox proportional hazards models
Authors' conclusion
Self-reported anxiety/depression were common across all HF categories, significantly associated with HRQoL, and associated with increased risk of HFH, all-cause hospitalization and death, but their impact on mortality diminished after adjustment for HRQoL.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with heart failure with preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF) in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- Participants
- 57,251 patients
- Exposure
- Self-reported anxiety/depression levels (none, moderate, or severe), with and without health-related quality of life (HRQoL) adjustment
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Distribution of self-reported anxiety/depression
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HRQoL components
- Self-reported anxiety/depression were associated with reduced HRQoL components
Baseline characteristics associated with anxiety/depression
- Without HRQoL adjustment, significant associations included higher NYHA class, liver disease, smoking, female sex, younger age, and inpatient status
HF hospitalization (HFH), all-cause hospitalization, all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) death · 12 months
- Self-reported anxiety/depression levels were associated with higher risks of all outcomes
- After HRQoL adjustments, remained associated with HFH and all-cause hospitalization but not death
Original publication
Anxiety and/or depression in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: the SwedeHF registry. ESC Heart Fail. Published 8 January 2026. doi:10.1093/eschf/xvaf024
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it