Association of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet With Plasma Lipid Levels and Cardiovascular Risk
Main finding · MACEResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 2.18 95% CI 1.39–3.43Authors' conclusion
Consumption of a LCHF diet was associated with increased LDL-C and apolipoprotein B levels, and an increased risk of incident MACE.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants with ≥1 24-hour dietary questionnaire and concurrent lipid collection2,034 low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) and 8136 SD identified
- Participants
- 305 vs 1,220
- Exposure
- LCHF diet vs standard diet
- LCHFn = 305
- SDn = 1,220reference
- Outcome
- Incident MACE
- Follow-up
- 11.8 years
Methodological detailsage- and sex-matched 1:4, UK Biobank
- Age- and sex-matched 1:4
- UK Biobank
Main finding
MACE
Hazard ratio
2.18
95% CI 1.39–3.43
P < 0.001
By group
LCHFvs SD
HR 2.18 (95% CI 1.39–3.43); P < 0.001
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Severe hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C >5 mmol/L)
P < 0.001
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B levels
- Significantly increased in LCHF vs SD
- P < 0.001
LDL-C by LDL-C polygenic risk score
- Elevated polygenic risk score had highest LDL-C on LCHF diet
Entire cohort and ≥2 dietary surveys
- Similar significant changes in lipid levels and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) associations confirmed
Original publication
Association of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet With Plasma Lipid Levels and Cardiovascular Risk. JACC Adv. Published 25 March 2024. doi:10.
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