Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Circulating Immune Checkpoints Predict Heart Failure Outcomes
Authors' conclusion
IC ligands are expressed in cardiac disease models, and serum levels of IC ligands are elevated in HF patients, are associated with disease severity, and significantly predict prognosis.
Study context
- Population
- Heart failure (HF) mouse models; healthy individuals, stable HF and worsening HF patients
- Participants
- 101 / 58 / 2,032
- Comparison
- Serum immune checkpoint (IC) ligands and HF severity and outcomes
- Vitamin D Chronic Heart Failure (VitD-CHF)n = 101
- PREVENDn = 58reference
- Worsening HFn = 2,032
- Outcome
- HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality (stable HF cohort)
Methodological details3 HF mouse models, 3 human cohorts
- 3 HF mouse models
- 3 human cohorts
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (CI)
Higher sPD-L1
1.69(1.09–2.59)
Higher galectin-9
1.50(1.06–2.12)
Further findings
Association with galectin-3 (multivariate linear regression)
- sPD-L1 β
- 0.230
- sPD-L2 β
- 0.283
- galectin-9 β
- 0.304
Association with hs-troponin-T
- sPD-L1 β
- 0.386
- galectin-9 β
- 0.314
Outcome in worsening HF cohort (BIOSTAT-CHF)
- sPD-L2 increased relative risk
- 15%
- galectin-9 increased relative risk
- 20%
- sPD-L2 and galectin-9 associated with NYHA class
- After multivariable adjustment
Original publication
Circulating Immune Checkpoints Predict Heart Failure Outcomes. ESC Heart Fail. Published 25 April 2023. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →