Prevention & lipidsCohort study
Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults
- Prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Drinking coffee in the morning may be more strongly associated with a lower risk of mortality than drinking coffee later in the day.
Study context
- Population
- US adults, NHANES 1999–2018 with complete dietary data; patterns validated in the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation StudyNHANES · Men's Lifestyle Validation Study 1,463
- Participants
- 40,725 adults
- Exposure
- Coffee drinking timing patterns vs non-coffee drinking
- Outcome
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality
- Follow-up
- Median (IQR) 9.8 (9.1) years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
HR
- all-cause mortality
- .84 (95% CI .74-.95)
- CVD mortality
- .69 (95% CI .55-.87)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Coffee intake amount and all-cause mortality, by timing pattern
- Higher intake associated with lower all-cause mortality in morning type but not in all-day type
- P-interaction = .031
Original publication
Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults. Eur Heart J. Published 8 January 2025. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae871
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it