Cardio-oncology & otherCohort study
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Predicts Major Bleeding in Cancer Patients
- Prospective observational cohort study
Authors' conclusion
GDF-15 levels predict major bleeding risk in cancer patients and are not associated with venous thromboembolism
Study context
- Population
- Cancer patients initiating systemic anticancer therapies (CAT-BLED study, Vienna)
- Participants
- 779 patients
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower GDF-15 levels
- Outcome
- Major bleeding
- Follow-up
- Up to 2 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
12-month cumulative incidence
Adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio
1.29
95% CI 1.04–1.59
By group
GDF-15 per doubling
adjusted subdistribution HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.04–1.59)
Per doubling, as printed
- Major bleeding during median 18 months follow-up, whole cohort
- 79 patients (10.1%)
- 12-month cumulative incidence of major bleeding, whole cohort
- 8.8% (95% CI: 6.7-10.9)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | |
| 0.512Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
6-month major bleeding, discrimination
- C statistic
- 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60-0.77)
Follow-up GDF-15 measurements at 3 and 6 months
- Association with major bleeding remained robust
VTE
- GDF-15 not associated with VTE
Original publication
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Predicts Major Bleeding in Cancer Patients. JACC CardioOncol. Published 14 January 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jaccao.2024.11.007
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it