Impact of Sex and Age on Trends of Mortality From Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
Authors' conclusion
Mortality rate from infective endocarditis is increasing in most countries, with varying patterns and degrees of changes observed in relation to sex and age. This underscores the crucial need to identify the root causes at the individual country level.
Study context
- Population
- Populations of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Australia, the United States, and Canada
- Exposure
- Male-to-female ratio of age-standardized and age-specific (≤49, 50-64, 65-79, and ≥80 years) mortality rates per 100,000 persons
- Outcome
- Age-standardized mortality rates (per 100,000) from infective endocarditis
- Follow-up
- Most recent observation year
Methodological detailsjoinpoint regression, 2000 and 2021
- Joinpoint regression
- 2000 and 2021
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Mean ratio
| Outcome | Japan | France |
|---|---|---|
| Male-to-female ratio of age-standardized mortality | 1.16 | 1.70 |
Male-to-female ratio of age-standardized mortality
- Age-standardized mortality was male-dominant in all countries
- The between-sex differences tended to be less pronounced with increasing age
- The ratios of age-specific mortality rates between sexes remained stable or showed a progression toward male dominance across all age groups
Mortality rates among those ≤49 years
- Increased significantly in females in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, and in both sexes in Canada
Original publication
Impact of Sex and Age on Trends of Mortality From Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries. JACC Adv. Published 4 July 2025. doi:10.
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