Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Incidence of Dementia and Subsequent Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors' conclusion
Incident HF was associated with higher risk of incident dementia. Dementia onset was associated with higher rates of outpatient physician visits and increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Community-dwelling residents aged 40–80 years with new-onset heart failure (HF), and matched non-HF controlsoutpatients with HF (median 68 [60–75] years, 41.2% female)
- Participants
- 211,548 residents
- Exposure
- Incident dementia in those with new-onset HF vs age/sex, and cardiovascular risk factor/disease-matched non-HF controls
- HFn = 211,548
- Outcome
- Incident dementia
- Follow-up
- 5 years and 10 years
Methodological detailsage/sex, and cardiovascular risk factor/disease-matched non-HF controls, time-varying dementia onset as the exposure
- Age/sex, and cardiovascular risk factor/disease-matched non-HF controls
- Time-varying dementia onset as the exposure
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
HF vs non-HF controlsTime-dependent HR (95% CI)
At 5 years
1.42(1.38–1.47)
At 10 years
1.31(1.27–1.35)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predictors of dementia in HF
| HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prior stroke or transient ischemia attack | 1.41 (1.33–1.50) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors of dementia in HFHospital frailty risk score >10vs <5 | 1.93 (1.77–2.09) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
All-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization in outpatients with HF
| HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Incident dementiaAll-cause mortality; multivariable-adjusted | 2.44 (2.40–2.49) | P < 0.001 | |
| Incident dementiaAll-cause hospitalization; multivariable-adjusted | 1.63 (1.58–1.69) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
- Predictors of dementia in HF: both P < 0.001
- All-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization in outpatients with HF: all P < 0.001
Rates of outpatient physician visits after vs before dementia onset
- Primary care, internal medicine, cardiologists (post/pre-rate ratio range)
- 1.08-1.19
- Geriatricians (post/prerate ratio)
- 10.70
- All P < 0.001
Original publication
Incidence of Dementia and Subsequent Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure. JACC Adv. Published October 2026. doi:10.
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