Long-Term Effect of Salt Substitution for Cardiovascular Outcomes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Salt substitution may reduce all-cause or cardiovascular mortality, but the evidence for reducing cardiovascular events and for not increasing serious adverse events is uncertain, particularly for a Western population.
Study context
- Population
- Adults, ≥6 months total study duration; mostly China or Taiwan, older age and/or higher-than-average CV risk16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
- Comparison
- Salt substitute vs no intervention or regular salt
- Outcome
- Mortality, major cardiovascular events (MACE) and adverse events
- Follow-up
- 6 months or greater
Methodological detailsrandom-effects, GRADE certainty assessment
- Random-effects
- GRADE certainty assessment
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Salt substitute vs Regular saltEstimate (95% CI)
All-cause mortality; 6 RCTs; 27 710 participants; low certainty
rate ratio 0.88(0.82–0.93)
CV mortality; 4 RCTs; 25 050 participants; low certainty
RR 0.83(0.73–0.95)
MACE; 3 RCTs; 23 215 participants; very low certainty
RR 0.85(0.71–1.00)
Safety
| Outcome | Risk ratio (CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Serious adverse events6 RCTs; 27 995 participants; very low certainty | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) | |
| 0.512Risk ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Long-Term Effect of Salt Substitution for Cardiovascular Outcomes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. Published 9 April 2024. doi:10.
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