Temporal trends in cardiovascular outcomes and costs among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
In T2D, overall trends in most CV outcomes improved but smaller improvements or worsening trends were observed in younger patients. Health care costs accelerated at faster rates for medications and ED visits.
Study context
- Population
- Members with T2DM of a regional health insurance plan, 2001–2018mean follow-up 4.1 years
- Participants
- 79,392 members
- Outcome
- Trends over time in cardiovascular (CV) outcomes:
- AMI
- Ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- HF hospitalization
- PCI
- CABG
- All-cause mortality
- Follow-up
- 2001 to 2018
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Rate ratio across 17-year study period (RR17)
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) RR17 (improved)
0.69; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.74
HF hospitalization RR17 (improved)
0.82; 0.79, 0.86
All-cause mortality RR17 (improved)
0.87; 0.84, 0.91
Ischemic stroke RR17 (worsened)
2.36; 2.16, 2.57
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Trends by age group (AMI, HF hospitalization, all-cause mortality)
- Trends in older age groups significantly better than in younger age groups
- Interaction P-values < .001
Health care costs
- Pharmaceutical costs
- +15%/year
- Emergency department (ED) visit costs
- >15%/year
- Other utilization metrics
- +10%/year
Original publication
Temporal trends in cardiovascular outcomes and costs among patients with type 2 diabetes. Am Heart J. Published 27 July 2023. doi:10.
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