Acute cardiac care & resuscitation
The association of early or late combined infection with clinical outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients
Authors' conclusion
Mixed CS complicated by infection showed worse clinical outcomes than isolated CS, irrespective of the infection timing. Further research is needed to develop targeted treatment strategies tailored to this condition.
Study context
- Population
- Adult cardiogenic shock patients admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) between 2012 and 2020isolated cardiogenic shock (CS) 591 (67.3%) · mixed CS 287 (32.7%)
- Participants
- 878 adult CS patients
- Exposure
- Isolated CS vs mixed CS, stratified by the timing of infection
- Isolated CSn = 591 (67.3%)
- Early mixed CSn = 18.1%
- Late mixed CSn = 14.6%
- Outcome
- In-hospital mortality
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- In-hospital mortalities in both mixed CS groups were higher than in isolated CS
- both P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Mechanical ventilation
Indwelling catheterization
- Mechanical ventilation: P < 0.001
- Indwelling catheterization: P < 0.001
Nosocomial infection in late mixed CS
- Increasing trend of nosocomial infection with the increase of total catheterization day and CICU length of stay
Survival during follow-up
- Survival rates also followed a similar pattern during the follow-up
Original publication
The association of early or late combined infection with clinical outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. Published 8 August 2025. doi:10.
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