The contribution of adolescent cardiovascular disease risk factors to vascular stiffness and cardiac remodelling in young adults
Authors' conclusion
An unhealthy CVD risk profile in adolescence leads to structural vascular and cardiac changes in young adults, predisposing them to future CVD.
Study context
- Population
- Raine Study participants classified at 17 years and re-studied at 27 years
- Participants
- 716 participants
- Exposure
- High vs low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk at 17 years
- Outcome
- Vascular stiffness (PWV), LVMI, LV, right ventricular (RV) and left atrial (LA) myocardial strain and respective ejection fractions (EF) by CMR
- Follow-up
- 27 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
PWV and LVMI at 27 years
| Group | Pulse wave velocity (PWV), males | PWV, females | Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), males | LVMI, females |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-risk | 6.6 ± 0.12 m/sec | 6.2 ± 0.10 m/sec | 75.2 ± 2.1 g/m² | 55.4 ± 1.0 g/m² |
| Low-risk | 6.2 ± 0.04 m/sec | 5.6 ± 0.04 m/sec | 69.7 ± 0.5 g/m² | 52.1 ± 0.4 g/m² |
Pulse wave velocity (PWV), males
High-risk6.6 ± 0.12 m/sec
Low-risk6.2 ± 0.04 m/sec
PWV, females
High-risk6.2 ± 0.10 m/sec
Low-risk5.6 ± 0.04 m/sec
Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), males
High-risk75.2 ± 2.1 g/m²
Low-risk69.7 ± 0.5 g/m²
LVMI, females
High-risk55.4 ± 1.0 g/m²
Low-risk52.1 ± 0.4 g/m²
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | High-risk | Low-risk | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| LV global longitudinal strain, females · 27 yearsAttenuated | −16.7 ± 0.4 % | −17.6 ± 0.17 % | P = 0.041 |
| LV global circumferential strain · 27 years | |||
| Males | −19.1 ± 0.5% | −20.5 ± 0.2% | P = 0.013 |
| Females | −21.3 ± 0.4% | −22.4 ± 0.2% | P = 0.022 |
- Left ventricular (LV) global circumferential strain: significant after adjusting for sex and contemporary risk factors
Original publication
The contribution of adolescent cardiovascular disease risk factors to vascular stiffness and cardiac remodelling in young adults. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 24 November 2025. doi:10.
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