Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome-Attributable Mortality in the United States, From 2010 to 2023
Authors' conclusion
CKM-attributable mortality rose from 2010 to 2019 and plateaued from 2020 to 2023, contributing substantially to U.S. deaths with marked age, racial, and regional disparities.
Study context
- Population
- US deaths attributable to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM), 2010–2023
- Outcome
- CKM-attributable mortality trends (AAMR and average annual percent change)
- Follow-up
- 2010–2019; 2020–2023 analysed separately
Methodological detailsCDC WONDER death certificate data, Joinpoint regression
- CDC WONDER death certificate data
- Joinpoint regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CKM-attributable mortality, 2010–2019
CKM deaths
3,354,032
AAMR
12,554/100,000
Average annual percent change (95% CI 0.3%-1.1%), rising linearly
+0.7%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
CKM phenotypes · 2010–2019
- Hypertension most common CKM phenotype
- 30.1%
- Mortality increasing in hypertensive, AF and HF phenotypes; decreasing in ischemic disease
Contributors to mortality
- Obesity, inactivity and diabetes prevalence rose; controlled hypertension declined; CKD plateaued
CKM mortality, 2020–2023
- CKM mortality plateaued across demographics
Original publication
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome-Attributable Mortality in the United States, From 2010 to 2023. JACC Adv. Published 21 November 2025. doi:10.
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