Aortic & peripheral vascular disease
Elevated Remnant and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol and the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors' conclusion
Elevated remnant cholesterol had a causal effect on risk of PAD even after accounting for elevated LDL cholesterol, whereas most of the causal effect of elevated LDL cholesterol on risk of PAD was dependent on simultaneously elevated remnant cholesterol.
Study context
- Population
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD) (38,414 cases, 758,308 controls) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (221,445 cases, 770,615 controls)
- Comparison
- Genetically higher remnant cholesterol vs genetically higher LDL-C
- Outcome
- OR for PAD per 1 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol and LDL-C
Methodological detailsunivariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization, UK Biobank genome-wide association study
- Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization
- UK Biobank genome-wide association study
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
PAD per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterol
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Remnant cholesterolunivariable
2.72(2.10–3.52)
LDL-Cunivariable
1.37(1.25–1.51)
Remnant cholesterolmultivariable
2.16(1.49–3.12)
LDL-Cmultivariable
1.14(1.00–1.30)
Per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterol, as printed
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CAD per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · univariable | 2.92 (2.34–3.64) | |
| CAD per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterolLDL-C · univariable | 1.67 (1.56–1.79) | |
| CAD per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · multivariable | 1.86 (1.39–2.47) | |
| CAD per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterolLDL-C · multivariable | 1.44 (1.29–1.60) | |
| PAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · univariable | 1.37 (1.27–1.49) | |
| PAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolLDL-C · univariable | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) | |
| PAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · multivariable | 1.28 (1.14–1.43) | |
| PAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolLDL-C · multivariable | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | |
| CAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · univariable | 1.40 (1.31–1.51) | |
| CAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolLDL-C · univariable | 1.51 (1.43–1.59) | |
| CAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolRemnant cholesterol · multivariable | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | |
| CAD per 1 SD higher cholesterolLDL-C · multivariable | 1.34 (1.23–1.46) | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Elevated Remnant and LDL Cholesterol and the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Published 1 April 2025. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it