Foetal 4D flow cardiac magnetic resonance for advanced diagnostics of congenital heart disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Foetal 4D flow CMR characterizes flow patterns and provides relevant diagnostic information beyond cine imaging for prenatal CHD assessment.
Study context
- Population
- Pregnant women in advanced third trimester pregnancy with foetal congenital heart disease (CHD)4D flow of diagnostic quality in 62 (81%) foetuses
- Participants
- 77 women
- Exposure
- Net flow distributions in foetuses without CHD vs those with CHD
- Foetuses without CHDn = 11/62 (18%)
- Foetuses with CHDn = 51/62 (82%)
- Outcome
- Net flow distributions
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Significant differences between foetuses without CHD and those with hypoplastic left heart complex (HLHC), dextro-transposition of the great arteries, and coarctation of the aorta
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
CVO · higher in normal foetal circulation
P = 0.049
Diagnostic findings beyond cine imaging
- Foetuses with CHD with diagnostic findings beyond cine imaging, confirmed postnatally
- 26/51 (51%)
- e.g. retrograde aortic perfusion in HLHC
4D flow of diagnostic quality
- Foetuses with 4D flow of diagnostic quality
- 62 (81%)
Original publication
Foetal 4D flow cardiac magnetic resonance for advanced diagnostics of congenital heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. Published 9 September 2025. doi:10.
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