Aortic & peripheral vascular disease
Global epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease in the 21st century (2000–21): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
This meta-analysis highlights a currently high prevalence of LEAD worldwide, with substantial differences in global regions and between sexes.
Study context
- Population
- General population adults, mostly ≥40 years, 2000–2021; Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) defined by low (</≤0.90) ankle-brachial index
- Participants
- 127,961 adults38 studies
- Outcome
- Global and regional prevalence of LEAD; associated risk factors
Methodological detailsrandom-effects model, general population studies
- Random-effects model
- General population studies
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of LEAD
- Global prevalence
- 9.7% (95% CI 7.1-12.4)
- Women
- 10.2%
- Men
- 8.8%
- Highest: South-Central Asia
- 14.5%
- Lowest: North America
- 5.6%
Further pooled results
Risk factors associated with LEAD
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Current smoking | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | |
| Past smoking | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | |
| Diabetes | 2.3 (2.0–2.8) | |
| HypertensionSouth America OR = 4.0 | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | |
| Obesity | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia ≥200 mg/dL | 1.9 (1.3–2.8) | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Global epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease in the 21st century (2000–21): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 11 December 2023. doi:10.
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