Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Sex Differences in Children and Adolescents With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors' conclusion
Young female patients with HCM are more likely to experience heart failure symptoms and have echocardiographic features of diastolic impairment. Despite differences in phenotype, outcomes during childhood and young adulthood are not different. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms for these observed differences.
Study context
- Population
- Patients diagnosed with nonsyndromic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ≤16 years471 (33.0%) female, median age at diagnosis 11 years (IQR: 6–14)
- Participants
- 1,433 patients
- Exposure
- Sex differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes
- Femalen = 471
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation (annual incidence)
- Follow-up
- Median 5.3 years (IQR: 2.9, 8.0)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Did not vary by sex
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Heart failure symptoms, adolescent patients
- Adolescent female patients vs comparator
- n = 53 [31.9%] vs n = 86 [22.5%]; P = 0.019
- No sex differences in phenotype in preadolescent patients (<12 years)
Left atrial size, adolescent patients
- Adolescent female patients vs comparator
- 1.4 z-score [±2.3] vs 2.1 z-score [±2.5]; P = 0.0056
- Degree of hypertrophy and proportion with obstructive disease, adolescent patients: no difference between female and male patients
Major arrhythmic cardiac event or heart failure events (annual incidence) · median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR: 2.9, 8.0)
- Did not vary by sex
Original publication
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