Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Sex Differences in the Impact of Frailty on Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
Frailty is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in HF patients, particularly female patients.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with heart failure (HF), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–201854.5% male
- Participants
- 958 participants
- Exposure
- Frailty and CV mortality, by sex
- Outcome
- Death from CV causes
- Follow-up
- Median 3.6 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CV mortality by FI (subgroup analysis by sex)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)P value
Females, most frail
3.65(1.07 ≈12.39)
P < 0.05Females, per 1-unit increase in FI
1.78(1.33 ≈2.39)
P < 0.001Per 1-unit increase in FI, as printed
- Females who died from CV causes had higher baseline frailty index (FI)
- P < 0.05
- Males did not show higher baseline FI among CV deaths
- P = 0.1253
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Dose-response of FI and CV mortality
- Dose-response association shown by restricted cubic splines
Original publication
Sex Differences in the Impact of Frailty on Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ESC Heart Fail. Published 8 August 2024. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →