Sex-specific disparities in lipid-based prediction of major cardiovascular events
Authors' conclusion
To estimate cardiovascular risk, in several cases, a sex-specific adaptation of lipid markers seems warranted.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with high CV risk
- Participants
- 433 vs 433
- Exposure
- Lipid-based major cardiovascular events (MACE) prediction in women vs men
- Womenn = 433
- Menn = 433
- Outcome
- MACE prediction by LDL-C, remnant cholesterol, ApoA-1, TG/HDL ratio and ceramide scores (CERT1, CERT2)
- Follow-up
- Up to 14 years
Methodological detailsage-matched
- Age-matched
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MACE prediction by lipid marker, by sex (adjusted Cox regression)
- Remnant cholesterol significantly predicted MACE in both sexes
- ApoA-1 and TG/HDL ratio predicted MACE only in women
- Ceramide-based scores predicted MACE only in men
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed no predictive potential
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
MACE incidence · during follow-up
Lipid levels by sex
- Women: higher LDL-C and ApoA-1, lower remnant cholesterol and TG/HDL ratio
- CERT1 slightly higher in women; CERT2 did not differ
Original publication
Sex-specific disparities in lipid-based prediction of major cardiovascular events. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 8 October 2025. doi:10.
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